Teuku Umar. He was born in 1854 (the date and the month is not recorded) in Meulaboh, West Aceh, Indonesia. He is a national hero who had led a guerrilla war in Aceh since 1873 until 1899. Grandfather Teuku Umar is Minangkabau descent, namely Datuk Makdum Sati who've contributed to the Sultan. Datuk Makdum Sati had two sons, namely Nantan Faithful and Ahmad Mahmud. Teuku Ahmad Mahmud is the father Teuku Umar.When war broke out in 1873 Aceh Teuku Umar participated fighters fought alongside other Aceh, although he was only menginjak19 years. At first he fought in the village itself and then we visit to Aceh Barat. At this age, Teuku Umar also been appointed as keuchik (village chief) in the Eastern region of Meulaboh.
Teuku Umar childhood personality known as a smart boy, brave, and sometimes scrappy with peers. It also has properties that hard and unyielding in the face of all the problems. Teuku Umar never assigned the formal education. However, he was able to become a strong leader, smart, and brave.
Teuku Umar married several times. When age was the age of 20 years, Teuku Umar married to Nyak Sofiah, children Uleebalang Glumpang. To increase the degree itself, Teuku Umar then remarried to Nyak Malighai, daughter of Commander Sagi Mukim XXV. Since then, he began using the title Teuku. In 1880, Teuku Umar married the widow of Cut Nyak Dien, the daughter of his uncle. Actually Cut Nyak Dien already have a husband (Teuku Ibrahim Lamnga) but had died in June 1978 in the war against the Dutch in Gle Tarun. After that, Cut Nyak Dien met and fell in love with Teuku Umar. Both then fought alongside launching attacks on Dutch posts in Krueng. Results of second marriage is a daughter named Cut Xylophone born in refugee camps because their parents are struggling in the battlefield.
Dutch troops had come to terms with Teuku Umar in 1883. One year later (1884) the war broke out again between the two. In 1893, Teuku Umar then look for a strategy on how he can obtain weapons from the enemy (the Netherlands). Finally, Teuku Umar pretending to be a stooge (accomplice) Netherlands. His wife, Cut Nyak Dien ever got confused, embarrassed, and angry over her husband's decision. Governor Van Teijn at that time also intends to take Teuku Umar as a way to win the hearts of the people of Aceh. Teuku Umar then entered military service. The involvement, on January 1, 1894, Teuku Umar was awarded the title of Johan Pahlawan and allowed to form their own forces legium totaling 250 soldiers with weapons.
Teuku Umar, a hero from Aceh. When joining the Netherlands, Teuku Umar actually never subdue defense posts Aceh. These wars Teuku Umar pretend. Because, before Teuku Umar has notified in advance to the fighters in Aceh. As compensation for his success, the demand Teuku Umar to add 17 people commander and 120 soldiers, including a Pangleot as his right hand finally granted by the Governor Deykerhorf which replaces the Governor Ban Teijn.
On March 30, 1896, Teuku Umar then exit from the Dutch military service by bringing troops along 800 weapons, 25,000 rounds of ammunition, 500 kg of ammunition, and money of 18,000 dollars. With the growing strength, Teuku Umar together 15 people turned back to defend the people of Aceh. Tactics and strategies are very astute war is intended to fool the Dutch forces at that time were very strong and very difficult to overcome. At that time, the struggle Teuku Umar had the support of Commander Polem Teuku Mohammad Daud who together 400 people participated dealing with the Dutch. In the battle, as many as 25 people were killed and 190 were injured in the Netherlands.
Governor Deykerhorf feel offended by the tactics that do Teuku Umar. Van Heutsz ordered to deploy massive forces to capture Teuku Umar. Sudden attack Meulaboh area to cause Teuku Umar was shot and killed in the battlefield, which is in the village of Mugo, the hinterland of Meulaboh on tanggal10 February 1899.
Since childhood, Teuku Umar actually have thought often difficult to be understood by his friends. When growing up was thinking also remains elusive. As reviewed above that tactic Teuku Umar who pretends to be a stooge Netherlands is a form of "complexity" in his thinking. Various commentators appear to understand Teuku Umar thinking about tactics such pretense. Nevertheless, it is certain that the tactics and strategies are considered highly accurate in the face of the onslaught of Dutch colonial troops and weapons that have very complete. Teuku Umar saw "negative way" one should not be so long as to achieve "positive goal". If traced in the context of contemporary thinking, thinking it sounds closer to communism which also justifies any means. Teuku Umar fighting spirit in the face of Dutch colonialism, which in turn encourages such thinking.
The work can be successful Teuku Umar himself in the face of the enemy. For example, on June 14, 1886, Teuku Umar Hok Centon attack ships, belonging to the Dutch. The ship was overrun by the forces Teuku Umar. Ship captain, Hans (from Denmark) were killed and handed over to the Dutch ship demanded a ransom of 25,000 ringgit. Courage is greatly admired by the people of Aceh. Another work is a form of success Teuku Umar when getting a lot of weapons as a result of his treason against the Netherlands.
Appreciation
Based on Presidential Decree No. 087 / TK / 1973 dated November 6, 1973, Teuku Umar was awarded the title of National Hero. Name Teuku Umar also immortalized as the name of the street in a number of areas in the country, one of which was the famous located in Menteng, Central Jakarta. In addition, the name is also immortalized as the name of a field in Meulaboh, West Aceh.
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